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Compare Tokelau (2001) - Spratly Islands (2006)

Compare Tokelau (2001) z Spratly Islands (2006)

 Tokelau (2001)Spratly Islands (2006)
 TokelauSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions none (territory of New Zealand) -
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats -
Airports none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Samoa 3 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Area total:
10 sq km

land:
10 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC NA
Background Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. According to a UN report, these low-lying islands will disappear in the 21st century, if global warming continues to raise sea levels. The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population -
Budget revenues:
$430,830

expenditures:
$2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)		 -
Capital none; each atoll has its own administrative center -
Climate tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) tropical
Coastline 101 km 926 km
Constitution administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Tokelau		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population -
Debt - external $0 -
Dependency status territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution, developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with Wellington -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of New Zealand) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of New Zealand) -
Disputes - international none all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands
Economic aid - recipient $3.8 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people must rely on aid from New Zealand to maintain public services, annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh -
Electricity - production NA kWh -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 5 m		 lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand NA
Ethnic groups Polynesian -
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997), 1.4543 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Lindsay WATT (since NA March 1993)

head of government:
Aliki Faipule FALIMATEAO (since NA 1997)

cabinet:
the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders, one from each atoll; functions as a cabinet

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term		 -
Exports $98,000 (f.o.b., 1983) -
Exports - commodities stamps, copra, handicrafts -
Exports - partners NZ -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description the flag of New Zealand is used -
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 9 00 S, 172 00 W 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note - strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Highways total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $323,400 (c.i.f., 1983) -
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, building materials, fuel -
Imports - partners NZ -
Independence none (territory of New Zealand) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing -
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% -
International organization participation SPC, WHO (associate) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau -
Labor force NA -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0% (soil is thin and infertile)

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
Languages Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English -
Legal system British and local statutes -
Legislative branch unicameral General Fono (45 seats - 15 from each of the three atolls; members chosen by each atoll's Council of Elders or Taupulega to serve three-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers legislative power on the General Fono -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years		 -
Location Oceania, group of three islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 NA
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) -
Nationality noun:
Tokelauan(s)

adjective:
Tokelauan		 -
Natural hazards lies in Pacific typhoon belt typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard
Natural resources NEGL fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -
Political parties and leaders none -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 1,445 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (2004)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate -0.92% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only -
Radio broadcast stations AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA

note:
each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)		 -
Radios 1,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%

note:
on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant		 -
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate

domestic:
radiotelephone service between islands

international:
radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997		 -
Telephones - main lines in use NA -
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (2001) -
Television broadcast stations NA -
Terrain low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons flat
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none -
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